GenoProof^®2 accompanies the complete parentage investigation workflow from the analysis of sequencer raw data to the conduction of biostatistical calculations and the generation of reports and expertises.

GenoProof^®2 determines all important parameters for standard trio and duo constellations but also for unusual scenarios like deficiency and incest cases. Furthermore, you can conduct sibling analyses, monozygoty tests and avuncular tests.
Family trees enable the visualization of family relations.

Different mutation models and the consideration of silent alleles and subpopulation memberships allow for evaluations according to ISFG guide lines. Also rare alleles and linkage groups can be regarded.

• Duo and Trio Cases
  Paternity tests aim to include or excluded a man (alleged father) as biological father of a child. Analogously one can include or exclude a woman (alleged mother) from biological maternity by a maternity test. The program provides a predicate that is based on the determined probability W (after Hummel). The program calculates also other values, like the paternity index, the Essen-Möller value and the individual power of exclusion.

• Paternity and Maternity Tests with Grandparents
  If there is no genetic information available for a parent or alleged parent because the person is deceased or cannot be found, one can conduct a test using the information of the corresponding grandparents instead.
  The program supports all possible scenarios: Mother, father or both can be replaced by the referring grandparents. The test can be conducted one-sided or both-sided, that means considering only the paternal or maternal side or regarding both sides.

• Extended Deficiency Analysis - Kinship Algorithm
  The extended deficiency analysis is an implementation of the kinship algorithm after Hummel. The algorithm aims to reconstruct the genotype of a missing alleged parent from the genotypes of the missing parent's relatives. It is also possible to include siblings of the examined child. In any case, one needs the information of the second parent.

• Paternity Tests in Cases of Incest
  If mother and alleged father (or father and alleged mother) are parent and child or siblings, one needs to use other formulas for the calculation of the PI because the genotypes of the parents are not independent from each other.

• Calculation of the Avuncular Index
  The avuncular index AI determines the probability that the tested man is the brother of the biological father (that is the uncle) of the child.

• Probability of Monozygoty of Twins
  Knowing the zygoty (mono- or dizygoty) of twins can be of importance for medical, scientific and personal reasons. These tests calculate the probability that two random twins with the same genotype for all examined STR markers are monozygote or dizygote.

• X-Chromosomal Comparison
  X-chromosomal comparisons are based on the sex-specific inheritance of X-chromosomal markers.
  The X-chromosome of men does always originate from mother, while women inherit one X-chromosome from each parent.

• Y-Chromosomal Comparison
  Y-chromosomal comparisons are based on the sex-specific inheritance of Y-chromosomal markers. Only men carry Y-chromosomes. The Y-chromosomes is always inherited from the father.